Contents
Chapter I : GRAMMAR ................................................................................................................... 5
Lesson 1 : VERB TENSES ............................................................................................................ 5
1. The simple tenses ............................................................................................................. 5
2. The continuous tenses ...................................................................................................... 7
3. The perfect tenses ............................................................................................................ 8
4. The Perfect Continuous tenses ....................................................................................... 8
Exercises ...................................................................................................................................... 9
Lesson 2 : CONDITIONAL ........................................................................................................ 14
1. Conditional type zero .................................................................................................... 14
2. Conditional Type 1 ........................................................................................................ 14
3. Conditional type 2 .......................................................................................................... 15
4. Conditional type 3 .......................................................................................................... 15
Exercises .................................................................................................................................... 16
Lesson 3: REVIEW OF PRONOUNS ................................................................................................. 18
1. Subject pronoun ............................................................................................................. 18
2. Object Pronoun .............................................................................................................. 18
3. Reflexive pronouns ........................................................................................................ 19
4. Possessive adjective ........................................................................................................ 19
5. Possessive pronoun ......................................................................................................... 19
6. Demonstrative Pronouns ................................................................................................. 20
Exercises .................................................................................................................................... 20
Lesson 4 : COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE ................................................................ 22
1. Comparative ................................................................................................................... 22 a. Comparative of superiority .......................................................................................... 22 b. Comparative of inferiority ........................................................................................... 23 c. Comparative of equality ................................................................................................... 23 2. Superlative ..................................................................................................................... 23 Exercice: ................................................................................................................................... 23
Lesson 5 : QUANTIFIER ............................................................................................................ 23
1. Much- many- little- few- a lot- plenty .......................................................................... 23
2. ‘Some’ or ‘any’ ............................................................................................................... 25
Exercises .................................................................................................................................... 25
Lesson 6 : COMPOUND ADJECTIVES ................................................................................... 27
1. What is an adjective? ..................................................................................................... 27
2. Steps in forming compound adjectives ........................................................................ 28
Lesson 7 : ORDER OF ADJECTIVES ...................................................................................... 31
ESUM NY NOSY Andrianirina M. 3
Lesson 8 : PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE AND ADVERBS OF MOVEMENT ................... 33 Exercise ..................................................................................................................................... 35
Lesson 9 : SENTENCE CONNECTORS ................................................................................... 36
1. Similarity................................................................................................................................ 36
2. Contrast.................................................................................................................................. 36
3. Result ...................................................................................................................................... 37
4. Addition and listing ............................................................................................................... 37
5. Time ........................................................................................................................................ 38
6. Exemplification...................................................................................................................... 38
7. Particularization.................................................................................................................... 38
8. Explanation ............................................................................................................................ 38
9. Emphasis ................................................................................................................................ 39
10. Refutation ........................................................................................................................... 39
11. Reformulation .................................................................................................................... 39
12. Correction .......................................................................................................................... 39
13. Transition ........................................................................................................................... 39
14. Alternative .......................................................................................................................... 40
15. Negative condition ............................................................................................................. 40
16. Summation/ Conclusion .................................................................................................... 40
17. Other Sentence Connectors .............................................................................................. 40
Exercises .................................................................................................................................... 41
Chapter II : LANGUAGE FUNCTION......................................................................................... 42
Lesson 1 : AGREEING AND DISAGREEING ......................................................................... 42
1. Expressions for agreeing ............................................................................................... 42
2. How to disagree politely ................................................................................................ 42
Lesson 2 : ADVISING AND OPINIONS ................................................................................... 43
1. Asking for advice ........................................................................................................... 43
2. Ways to ask for someone’s opinion .............................................................................. 43
3. Giving opinions .............................................................................................................. 44
Lesson 3 : APOLOGIZING ........................................................................................................ 44
1. Examples of letters for apologizing .............................................................................. 44
2. How to accept an apology ? ........................................................................................... 45
Lesson 4 : LET’S TALK ABOUT YOUR TOWN .................................................................... 45
Chapter III : NOTION OF BUSINESS ......................................................................................... 49
Lesson 1 : VOCABULARIES AND EXPRESSIONS ............................................................... 49
Lesson 2 : ECONOMIC ACTIVITY .......................................................................................... 56
Exercises .................................................................................................................................... 57
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Chapter IV : BUSINESS LETTER ................................................................................................ 59
Lesson 1 : E-MAIL ....................................................................................................................... 59
Lesson 2 : LETTER WRITING .................................................................................................. 60
Lesson 3 : WRITING A CV ........................................................................................................ 62 EXERCISES : Text and comprehension ....................................................................................... 63
ENGLISH PROVERBS ................................................................................................................... 66
Bibliography ....................................................................................................................................... 69